Brush construction



May 23, 1944. D. F. o. WESEMEYER BRUSH CONSTRUCTION 4 Sheets-Sheet 1Filed Sept. '7, 1940 R O E mm w EE 0 M K 0 F m m mm May 23, 3M4,

10. F. o. WESEMEYER BRUSH CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 7, 1940 4Sheets-Sheet?- INVENTOR. ETH/CH f M/'sE Eym May 23 1441?, D. F. o.WESEMEYER BRUSH CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. '7, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 5INVENTOR.

D/ETfi/CH F0: WESEMEYER ATTORNEYE,

May 23, 19 D. F. o. WESEMEYERQ BRUSH CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. '7, 1940 4Sheets-Sheet 4 l 1 Il A HIHP IKIIIIIPA Y INVENTOR.

IETfi/CH E0; WE5EMEYER itidiiliiid ay 1944 2,349,843 nausu oons'rnncrronDietrich F. 0. Wesemeyer, Euclid, Ohio, assignor to Spiral Brushes,incorporated, llleveland, Ohio, a corporation of lihio ApplicationSeptember 7, 1940, Serial No. 355,849

' 19 Claims. (Q11. -182) Thislnvention, as indicated, relates to aspiral brush construction. More Particularly, it comprises a brushformed of one or more units wherein a body member of spiral shapesupports in radial relation a plurality of brush strands or fibresformed of any desired material, and particularly of wire, such fibresbeing permanently secured in the base member. Such base member may haveterminal eyes, or loops, and the end loops preferably have substantiallyparallel end faces with intermediate looped portions of the body memberconforming to such structure. The

invention also comprises various features of construction adapting theunit for easy application to operative elements and for simplereplacement in the event of wear. The invention also includes supportingstructures modified to cooperate with spiral brush units of thecharacter set forth to facilitate their use in a wide variety ofoperations and on various types of apparatus.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide a spiralbrush construction having structural features permitting easymanufacture of such device, and at the same time giving such units highcapacity for heavy duty service in connection with various types ofapparatus.

Another object of the invention is to provide a brush unit which issimple in construction, and which lends itself to quantity productionmanu= lecture, and at the same time insures a high degree of precisionin the matter of forming the elements to size and supporting the samefor use in standardized machines requiring uniformity of operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide a spiral brush unit havingsubstantially parallel end faces, and preferably having end rings, oreyes, of fixed opg, and having intermediate portions suitably conformedin shape to maintain such parallel end faces in compact unit form.

Another object of the invention is to provide a spiral brush unit ofstandardized dimensions and readily applicable to holding elements onvarious types of supports and machines so that adjustment andreplacement may be carried on with a minimum of time and effort, withhighest quality performance obtained from such'units.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel method ofmanufacture of spiral brush units wherein end portions of the same aremaintained in parallelism with each other, and the intermediate portionsare held in closely wound helical shape suitably conformed to providefor the parallel and faces.

Other and further objects of the present invention will appear in thecourse of the following description.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, said invention,then, consists of the means and method hereinafter fully described andparticularly pointed out in the claims, the annexed drawings and thefollowing description setting forth in detail certain means and methodsembodying the invention, such disclosed means and method constituting,however, but several of various forms in which the principle of theinvention may be used.

In said annexed drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation partly broken away illustrating a spiralbrush construction embodying the principle of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken along the line 2-2, Fig. 1,looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view partly in section showing .theend and intermediate portions of the body member of the spiral brushunit in conformed relation to each other and engaged within a holdingelement;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary side elevation of a portion of a brush unit withparts broken away and illustrating the method of securing the strandholding wire to the end of the body unit:

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary detailed view showing the margins of the bodyunit as clamped upon the brushing strands, as seen along the line t-t,Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows:

Fig. 6 is a side elevation partly in section show ing a brush unit withsupporting spider as applied to a machine for removing scale from sheetmetal and the like;

Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a brushing unit of relatively narrow widthand held in operative relation upon a central hub member adapted to beaccurately sized for engagement on a brushing spindle;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 7 as seenalong the line looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of a brushing unit similar to Fig. 7, buthaving an integral hub element of polygonal outline;

Fig. 10 is a central vertical sectional view of a Fig. 13 is a viewsimilar to Fig. 12, but showing a different type of brush clampingelement;

Fig. 14. is a perspective view of a single layer strand constructionintended for specialized use, such as non-abrasive brushing action inpaper manufacture and the like Fig. is a side elevation partly insection showing a modified form of brush unit and support Fig. 16 is anend view partly broken away taken along the line I3-l3 shown in Fig. 15looking in the direction of the arrows: and

Fig. 1'1 is an elevation showing the inside face of the annular terminalmember.

As has been stated, the invention may be embodied in a number ofdifferent forms, all having the ame basic features and being varied toadapt the same to a wide variety of uses. In the construction shown inFigures 1 to 6, inclusive, the brushing element comprises a plurality ofstrands I which may be formed of various types of material, but forheavy duty service are preferably formed of wire of suitable compositionto withstand abrasive action. The strands are engaged about a holdingwire 2, and at their base enclosed within a body or channel member 3,preferably formed of sheet metal channel strip coiled in helical turnsof predetermined diameter. In order to have the spiral brushing uhits ofstandard uniform width and with flat parallel faces, the end portions 4,5, of the body or channel member are secured to adjacent strands 8 ofsaid member by means of a weld I, or equivalent securing means. i

It will be noted, as disclosed in Figure 3, that the extreme end 8 ofthe holding wire 2 is turned backwardly over the edge portion of th endof the channel member and compressed thereinto so as to form a shallowrecess 9 in the outer surface of said channel member at such point. Thewelding operation may be extended to unit the holding wire with theadjacent parts at the same time that it unites the end portions of thebody member to the underlying portion thereof. It will be noted that theextreme ends of the body member do not overlap, but are spaced apart onopposite sides of the helical coil, and that the intermediate coiledelements are obliquely displaced at such point, as shown in Figures 3and 6, and thus maintain the unit as a compact structure with parallelend faces. The unit when so formed and placed in clamped relation upon asupport or arbor has no tendency to become separated since each of theoblique strands serve as a locking element for the intermediate coils,and the size of the eyes or ring at the ends of the body member arepermanently fixed through the welding operation. Thus through a minimumof securing means a light, compact, spiral brush unit of any desiredlength and diameter can be provided from the same basic structuralassembly, the body member holding wire and brushing strands being unitedin the manner set forth. While the clamping of the channel member uponthe brushing Strands may be varied to some extent it is preferred thatan interlocking engagement be made along radial lines in the mannerdisclosed in Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings. This is accomplished byforming the upper edge of the U-shaped body or channel member 3 with aplurality of corrugations H on one side of such body member cooperatingwith similar corrugations 12 on the opposite side thereof and instaggered relation thereto. This provides a sinuous passageway 93intermediate the pairs of corrugated margins of the body or channelmember.

The invention as above described comprises a method of placing doublestrands about a holding wire within a channel strip and compressing themargins of said strip in interlocking radial relation thereto andforming the same as a helical coil with the ends of such channel memberon opposite sides in spaced non-overlapping parallel elements with theintermediat portions of the channel strip in nested angular engagementwith each other adjacent and intermediate the end portions of the stripand thereafter securing the end loops of said coil in permanent relationto the immediately adjacent portions of said coil. The method alsoincludes the simultaneous securing of the ends of the holding wire tothe adjacent structure by the same fastening means which, as indicated,may comprise a welding operation.

The unit as just described may be placed upon 'a suitably sized supportor arbor and secured thereto so as to be revolved thereby for thebrushing operation. Th unit also may be formed as an annular membersupported between annular flanges l4, l5, engaged upon a sleeve l8 andclamped between the upturned marginal portions l1, l8, thereof. In orderto permit the sleeve unit to be applied to a rotating shaft a hub memberformed of complementary plates I9, 20, is provided, such plates eachbeing formed to provide a supporting shoulder 2| for the sleeve I6, andhaving inturned cntral flanges 22 to engage upon the reduced portion 23of a shaft 24 for rotating such brushing element. The reduced portion ofthe shaft may be provided with a screw-threaded portion upon which a nut23 is engaged and which bears against a washer 21 which clampinglyforces the brush against the shoulder 28 of the shaft. In place ofmountin the unit upon a sleeve through a crimping operation it may beengaged upon a spider hub member directly by means of clamping rings andflanges, as shown in Figure 6. The spider must be statically anddynamically balanced since the unit is to be used at high speed, andpreferably comprises a sleeve 3| adapted to be snugly engaged upon thereduced section 32 of a shaft 33 by means of a nut and washer 34, 35.The tubular sleeve has a plurality of studs 36 welded. or otherwisesecured to the outer surface thereof at spaced intervals adjacent theirrespective ends and secured at their free ends to a tubular sleeve 31suitable for the standardized brush diameter determined upon. A keyway38 may be provided on the inner sleeve and a key 39 on the reducedportion of the shaft 32. Short keyways 4| may be provided adjacent therespective ends of the tubular member 31 within which projecting lugs orkeys 42 'on clamping rings 43 may be engaged. The clamping rings 43 areprovided with a rim. flange area 44 conforming to the shape of the bodyor channel member 3 holding the brushing strands I, and at its upperedge 43 may engage over the body member and bear against the brushingstrands, as shown in Fi ure 6. The clamping ring member 43 are eachforced into locking engagement with the spiral brush unit by means ofspanner rings 46 screwthreadedly engaged upon the end portions of thetubular member 31. The outer margins of the spanner rings may beprovided with notches or recesses 41 at intervals about theircircumference.

Through the use of thin annular members 43 having locking members 49 attheir outer edges and projections 50 at their inner edges to engage thekeyways ti and disposed intermediate the clamping rings 43 and spannerrings t6, the clamping rings may be firmly held against releasingmovement. With a construction of the type just described the spider maybe bodily removed from the reduced section of the shaft by releasing thesecuring nut 34 which may be locked in position by means of aconventional locking pin it. The brush unit may also be removed forreplacement by releasing one of the spanner rings t and its associatedclamping ring M. In place of the detachable spider shown in Figure 6 thebrush unit may be formed with a terminal hub. One type of such hub isshown in Figures 7 and 8 comprising a brush unit ti formed by apredetermined number of helical turns with the ends thereof secured inthe manner heretofore set forth, such brush unit being engaged withinthe flanges of a pair of hub members ti, ti. The hub member 53 may beformed with a sleeve providing a central aperture M, such sleeve havingits free edge spun into clamping contact with the margins of the plate62 adjacent the central aperture it. The opening provided centrally ofthe pair of plates is of a predetermined size so as to fit readily uponthe shaft or spindle for which the brush is designed. In theconstruction shown in Figures 9 and 10 there is no clamping actionwhatsoever centrally of the brush unit, but a in operative relation to ashaft 8| by means of a cup-shaped element 82 of a size to receive thebrushing unit within the same, such cup-shaped member being centrallyapertured and bearing against shoulders 83 formed on the shaft 8|, the

reduced portion of the shaft 84 having a screwthreaded portion uponwhich a securing nut 85 is engaged. The nut 85 is adapted to be receivedin a recess 86 formed in the outer face of a central hubblockj'l. Thehub block is shown as having a central aperture to engage over thereduced portion of the shaft and adjacent its outer face has a marginalflange ti adapted to bear against the outer face of the brushing unit.

When the brushing unit in the form of construction shown in Figure 13 isworn to too great an extent it is readily replaceable by unscrewing thenut 8b and engaging a new unit upon the respective parts in place of theunits shown, and

plate it having a central aperture of suitable interlockingconfiguration ii for engagement with the driving shaft is weldeddirectly upon the flattened outer face fit of each helical coil. Ifdesired, the last-mentioned type of construction can also be providedwith a circular aperture, and the brush unit in such event would be heldin position upon the shaft through the force applied to the outer facesof the plates ht.

As has already been indicated, the form of construction shown in Figures11 to 13 is a cupshaped brushing unit adapted to be used for endwisecontact with the surface. In said unit brushing strands ti are in doublelayers about a holding wire t2 clamped within a body or channel strip 63similar to the construction heretofore described in connection withFigures l' to 5, inclusive. The body member in place of being wound inhelical relation in the plane of the brushing strands or bristles, iswound with the strand elements directed at an angle to one side. Thebrushing strands may be trimmed as desired, but in place of eachconvolution or turn of the brush having brushing strands of equallength, will differ from the prior construction, and have brushingstrands of increasing length progressively throughout the unit, as shownin Figures 12 and 13. The conical brushing unit may be made up invarious forms and correspond in some respects to the unit heretoforedescribed in connection with Figures 1 to 10. inclusive. It will benoted that the brush unit as shown in Figure 12 has the ends t l, 65, ofthe channel member secured by welding to the adjacent turns it of saidbody member, and that said adjacent turns are in nested curved relationcentrally of the area between the ends of said unit which provideflattened end faces as heretofore described. .t sleeve B'imay beprovided within which the brush unit is held by means of an annular ringW, and an annular frusto-ccnical shell 89- clamped within the marginalflanges of the sleeve ti. Hub plate members i i, 12, similar to the hubplate members shown in Figure 2 may be prothereafter tightening up theparts into firm operative engagement with the shaft. When it is desiredto use the brush construction upon surfaces requiring delicate brushingaction, such as in certain typesof paper making machines, then, ifdesired, the brush construction may be carried out along the linesasillustrated in Figure 14, wherein long bristles ti have their naturaltapered free end portions 92 and their inner ends wrapped about theholding wire t3 and clamped thereon through the clamping action of themargins of the body member ti engaging such bristles firmly at a pointadjacent the holding wire ti. The usual corrugations 9E, heretoforedescribed in connection with Figures 4 and 5, may beformed on .the outercircumferential edges of the body or channel member 94. The second layerof bristles 96 terminates closely adjacent the point of folding suchbristles about the holding wire, and thus brushing action isaccomplished by means of a single layer of bristles on each turn of thebody member throughout the length of the unit.

In the form of constructionshown in Figures 15 to 17, inclusive, inplace of providing terminal vided, such members being centrallyapertured '15 body or channel member formed by welding the overlappingparts adjacent the ends, there is used an annular terminal unit iilihaving a central opening I02 to engage freely over the supporting shaftilli. and having on its inner face an inwardly projecting flange IMproviding a shoulder to engage over the upper edge of the helicalchannel member I05, and having a reduced inner marginal area I06 toaccommodate the enlarged base portion of said channel member I05. Theholding wire ififlis similar to the holding wires heretofore describedand secures the brushing strands l0! in a similar manner. The extremeend portion of the holding wire, as shown more particularly in Figures15 and 16. is engaged through an aperture )8 formed in the reducedportion of the annular terminal unit and is bent into hook shape withits free end its received within a recess lill formed in the outer faceof said annular unit. An annular unit of the typ ri ed i provided ateach end of the helical channel member. and thus provides a fixed ringmember adapted to be slidingly engaged over the supporting shaft. Eachof the annular disc units is provided with a key H2 adapted to engage akeyway H9 formed in the shaft adjacent each end portion which likewiseis provided with screw threads H4 adapted to b engaged by thescrewthreaded locking ring lib.

It will be obvious from what has been above set forth that the helicalbrushing unit has end members of predetermined diameter similar to theunit shown in Figures 1 to 6, inclusive, but that the terminal membersare separate from the unit proper and are provided with keys to engage akeyway so that the ends are held against displacement. By mean of thethreaded terminal members H5 any desired degree of pressure may beplaced against the helically coiled body member so as to hold thehelical coils in close conta t with adjacent coiled portions. Thisconstruction further provides for a unit "ee of any welding operationand adapted for rapid assembly. The terminal units in addition provideflange engagement over the end portion of the channel member and thusforms a rigid support for the unit adjacent the point where the lockingpressure is applied.

From what has been above set forth it will be noted that the brushingunit when constructed in the manner described provides a firm, durableconstruction, with a minimum of parts. It also provides a unit which isitself a complete operative structure independent of its support, butwhich in conjunction with certain specialized supporting elements has arange of adaptability to various types and sizes of machines withoutinvolving undue cost. Where small hub plates are used and long brushingstrands, the desired brushing action may not be brought abour, becauseof the too great resiliency incorporated into the bristles. Thus, morefirm support of the brushing strands, as well as economy of materials inthe manufacture of same can be brought about through the provision ofshorter brushing strands and a larger central supporting member or hubmember. When the auxiliary supporting elemenm, such as the annularplates and sleeves secured thereto, are provided, the desired action ofthe brushing unit on the work to be treated is controllable to a highdegree of accuracy, and the effect attained may be brought about withoutundue cost in the brushing operation.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employedinstead of those explained, change being made as regards the means andsteps herein disclosed, provided the means stated by any of thefollowing claims or the equivalent of such stated meansbe employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:

1. A brushing unit having in combination a helically coiled base memberformed of a rigid metal channel strip having clampingly engaged thereina plurality of brushing strands extending around a binding and holdingwire, the respective ends of said channel body being positioned onopposite sides of said brushing unit in spaced apart relation to eachother with the intermediate portions of said coil permanently displacedengularly along a line parallel to the axis of said coil to providesubstantially flat parallel end faces for said brushing unit.

2. A brushing unit having in combination a helically coiled base memberformed of a rigid metal channel strip having clampingly engaged thereina pllu'ality of brushing strands extending around a binding and holdingwire, the respective ends of said channel body being positioned onopposite sides of said brushing unit in spaced apart relation to eachother with the intermediate portions of said coil permanently displacedangularly along a line parallel to the axis of said coil to providesubstantially flat parallel end faces for said brushing unit. andfastening means securing each end of said .body channe1 strip to theadjacent .portion of said coil to provide a shaftengaging ring of fixedsize. I 3. A brushing unit having in combination a helically coiled basemember formed of a rigid metal channel strip having clampingly engagedtherein a plurality of brushing strands extending around a binding andholding wire, the respective ends of said channel body being positionedon opposite sides of said brushing unit in spaced apart relation to eachother with the intermedi-' ate portions of said coil permanentlydisplaced angularly along a line parallel to the axis of said coil toprovide substantially flat parallel end faces for said brushing unit,and fastening means gocuring each end of said body channel strip to theadjacent portion of said coil, and also securing the ends of saidbinding and holding wir to said channel strip.

4. A brushing unit having in combination a helically coiled base memberformed of a rigid .meta'! channel strip having clampingly engagedtherein a plurality of brushing strands extending around a binding andholding wire, the respective ends of said channel body being positionedon opposite sides of said brushing unit in spaced apart relation to eachother with the intermediate portions of said coil permanently displacedangularly along a line parallel to the axis of said coil to providesubstantially flat parallel end faces for said brushing unit, and ashort seam of welding metal securing each end of said channel body tothe adjacent portion of said coil.

5. A brushing unit having in combination a helically coiled base memberformed of a rigid metal channel strip having clampingly engaged thereina plurality of brushing strands extending around a binding and holdingwire, the respective ends of said channel body being positioned onopposite sides of said brushing unit in spaced apart relation to eachother with the intermediate portions of said coil permanently displacedangularly along a line paralle1 to the axis of said coil to providesubstantially flat parallel and faces for said brushing unit, and ashort seam of welding metal securing each end of said channe1 body tothe adjacent portion of said coil, and such welding metal also engagingthe respective ends of the binding and holding wire.

.6. A brushing unit having in combination a helically coiled base memberformed of a rigid metal channel strip having clampingly engaged thereina plurality of brushing strands extending around a binding and holdingwire, the respective ends of said body channel being P sitioned onopposite sides of said brushing unit in' spaced apart relation to eachother with the intermediate portions of said coil permanently displacedangularly along a line parallel to the axis of said coil to providesubstantially fiat parallel end faces for said brushing unit, and ashort seam of welding metal securing each end of said channel body tothe adjacent portion of said coil, and such welding metal also engagingthe refiective ends of the binding and holding wire, the weight of thewelding metal at each end of the coiled strip being substantially equalto the coil area omitted inter ediate the ends of said strip todynamically balan e said unit when rotated at high speed.

'7. A brushing unit having in combination strands clampingly engagedabout a holding wire secured in a helically coiled rigid metal channelstrip. end ringson said channel strip formed of determined diametersecured by welding to adjacent portions thereof, such terminal weldinends lying in transverse planes spaced from each other, and obliquestrands formed in the intermediate portions of said unit to maintain thesame of a working size corresponding to the terminal ring portions.

9. A brushing unit having, 'in combination strands clampingly engagedabout a holding wire secured in a helically coiled channel strip, endrings on said channel strip formed of the terminal portions of saidchannel strip shaped to predetermined diameter secured by welding toadjacent portions thereof, such terminal welding ends lying intransverse planes spaced from each other, oblique strands formed in theintermediate portions of said unit to maintain the same of a Workingsize corresponding to the terminal ring portions, and the terminal ringportions of said unit comprising parallel end faces with balanced tionto said first-named clamping member,

and means for maintaining presure upon saidclamping members.

11. A brush ng apparatus having in combina. tion a brushing unit havinga rigid metal channel strip formed in helical strands carrying brushingstrands of suitable material, means for receiving said unit tocompressively engage the end faces of said unit, and oblique permanentlyoffset strand portions at an intermediate position transversely of saidunit said oflset portions extending in a plane parallel to the axis ofsaid brushing unit to hold the end and central portions thereof ininterlocking cooperation with adjacent strands of said helical member.

12. A brushing apparatus having in combination a brushing unit having arigid metal channel strip formed in helical strands carrying brushingstrands of su table material, means for receiving said unit to compressvely engage the end faces of said unit and to overlap the,circumferential margins thereof, and oblique permanentlyoffset strandportions at an intermediate position transversely of said unit saidoffset portions extending in a plane parallel to the axis of saidbrushing unit to hold the end and central portions thereof ininterlocking cooperation with adjacent strands of said helical member.

13. A brushing apparatus having in combination a helically woundbrushing unit carrying radially positioned brushing strands and havingsubstantially parallel end faces throughout substantially their entireextent, a supporting shell centrally of said helical unit, washer-likeelements bearing against the respective-end faces of said unit, saidshell having clamping flanges bearing thereagainst, and a pair ofdisc-like supporting members clampingly engaged against the respectivemargins of said shell and providing a central aperture of predeterminedsize to engage a support for operating said brushing unit.

14. A brush composed of a trough-shaped base strip with brush materialsecured therein and projecting from the mouth thereof, the strip beingdisposed in a hollow formation including a number of turns, each ofwhich is offset a distance substantially equal to the width of said baseto receive adjacent turns of similar shape and thereby square the planeof each turn to the axis of the brush.

15. Abrush composed of a trough-shaped base strip with brush materialsecured therein and projecting irom the mouth thereof, the strip beingdisposed in a hollow formation and including a number of turns, eachof'which is offset a distance substantially equal to the width of saidbase to receive an adjacent turn of similar shape and the opposite endsof the strip being seated in the space created by the jogged portions ofan adjacent turn and thereby squaring the plane of each turn to the axisof the brush.

16. A substantially cylindrical brush composed of a trough-shaped basestrip with brush material secured therein and projecting from the mouththereof, the strip extending circumferentially of said brush, therebybeing disposed in a hollow formation including at least one fullcircumferential turn and a terminal portion, with a transverse offset toa distance substantially equal to the width of said base and receivingan adjacent terminal portion of said strip and thereby squaring thegeneral plane of said full turn of said hollow formation and saidadjacent portions thereof to the axis of said cylindrical brush.

17. A substantially cylindrical brush composed of a trough-shaped basestrip with brush material secured therein and projecting from the mouththereof, the strip extending circumferentially of said brush, therebybeing disposed in a hollow formation including at least one fullcircumferential turn and with terminal portions, a transverse offset toa distance substantially equal to the width of said base adjacent the opit ends of said strip and receiving and seating said ends in the spacedcreated by said offset and thereby squaring the plane of each turn tothe axis of the brush.

18. A substantially cylindricai brush composed of a trough-shaped basestrip with brush material secured therein and projecting from the mouththereof, the strip extending circumferentally of said brush, therebybeing disposed in a hollow formation including a number of turns, atleast each of said turns adjacent the ends of the hollow'i'ormationhaving a transverse ofiset to a distance substantially equal to thewidth of said base to receive adjacent portions of said hollow formationand thereby square the plane 6 i mo em 01 each turn adjacent the ends tothe axle of the brush 19. A substantially cylindrical brush comd of a,trough-shaped base strip with brush material secured therein andprojecting from the mouth thereof, the strip extending circumferentiallyof said brush, thereby being died in a the hollow formation mm: a.transverse onset to a distance substantially equal to the width 0! saidbase to receive adjacent portiom 01. said hollow formation and theopposite ends of the strip seated in the space created by the oflsetportions of the final turns and thereby equate the plane of each turnadjacent the ends to the axle of the brush.

ICH F. O. WES.

